地基基礎檢(jian)測(ce)淺述公路試驗檢測工作的內容(rong)

公路(lu)試(shi)驗檢測工作的內容主要有以下兩點：

第(di)一，對(dui)承包商(shang)試驗(yan)室進行(xing)監督(du)，并對(dui)以下項(xiang)目進行(xing)試驗(yan)。

（1）在(zai)路(lu)(lu)基(ji)土石(shi)方(fang)填筑之前，需要進行檢測的內容包含(han)了含(han)水(shui)量、密度、土的強度試驗和顆粒分析等(deng)，這些(xie)都是公路(lu)(lu)工(gong)程建設的基(ji)礎。

（2）在公(gong)(gong)路(lu)工(gong)程中，橋涵構造(zao)物等(deng)開工(gong)之前所需要進(jin)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實驗(yan)內容(rong)(rong)(rong)。主要包(bao)括(kuo)了四(si)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)內容(rong)(rong)(rong)：第一部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)先是(shi)(shi)對(dui)砂石、沙礫(li)等(deng)物料進(jin)行(xing)(xing)試(shi)驗(yan)，其中包(bao)括(kuo)它們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表觀密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)、堆積(ji)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)和(he)物料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)堅固性(xing)試(shi)驗(yan)等(deng)內容(rong)(rong)(rong)；其次是(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)建(jian)筑材(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)，主要是(shi)(shi)對(dui)其稠度(du)(du)、強度(du)(du)、凝結時間和(he)細(xi)度(du)(du)等(deng)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)試(shi)驗(yan)；第三部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)是(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)砂漿(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)，公(gong)(gong)路(lu)工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)檢測需要了解到水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)砂漿(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稠度(du)(du)、密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)以(yi)(yi)及抗壓(ya)強度(du)(du)等(deng)特性(xing)；第四(si)是(shi)(shi)對(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)混(hun)(hun)凝土進(jin)行(xing)(xing)力(li)學試(shi)驗(yan)，以(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)混(hun)(hun)凝土的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)，打壓(ya)，抗壓(ya)強度(du)(du)和(he)抗凍等(deng)性(xing)質(zhi)；第五是(shi)(shi)對(dui)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)建(jian)筑所需鋼材(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實驗(yan)檢驗(yan)，而試(shi)驗(yan)內容(rong)(rong)(rong)主要包(bao)括(kuo)了鋼材(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)代號、表面形狀、級別、鋼材(cai)(cai)直徑(jing)，抗壓(ya)強度(du)(du)及溫度(du)(du)對(dui)鋼材(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響程度(du)(du)等(deng)，同時，鋼材(cai)(cai)在焊接時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)也需要進(jin)行(xing)(xing)檢測，以(yi)(yi)保證(zheng)路(lu)基的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定性(xing)；第六部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)內容(rong)(rong)(rong)是(shi)(shi)對(dui)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)工(gong)程中所用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析。需要對(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中所含(han)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氯(lv)離子、硫(liu)酸(suan)根等(deng)酸(suan)性(xing)物質(zhi)和(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)酸(suan)堿度(du)(du)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)檢驗(yan)。

（3）公(gong)路(lu)工程(cheng)中在(zai)路(lu)面建設(she)之前所(suo)需要(yao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)檢(jian)驗的(de)內(nei)容(rong)。在(zai)鋪設(she)路(lu)面過程(cheng)中所(suo)需要(yao)的(de)物料主要(yao)包(bao)括無機結合(he)料穩(wen)定材(cai)料，礦(kuang)(kuang)料和(he)瀝青混(hun)合(he)料三(san)種主要(yao)材(cai)料，所(suo)以(yi)需要(yao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)試(shi)驗檢(jian)測的(de)內(nei)容(rong)也是(shi)這三(san)種物料。對于無機結合(he)料穩(wen)定材(cai)料來說，需要(yao)對它的(de)含(han)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)、抗壓強度、穩(wen)定性和(he)石(shi)(shi)灰劑(ji)量(liang)(liang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)測驗分析；而對于礦(kuang)(kuang)料材(cai)料，由(you)(you)于它由(you)(you)碎石(shi)(shi)、砂(sha)和(he)礦(kuang)(kuang)粉(fen)等(deng)物質組(zu)成，所(suo)以(yi)，我們(men)需要(yao)試(shi)驗碎石(shi)(shi)的(de)磨耗值、磨光值和(he)顆粒(li)組(zu)成等(deng)各(ge)項指標(biao)，砂(sha)石(shi)(shi)的(de)堅(jian)固性和(he)視密(mi)度等(deng)，還有礦(kuang)(kuang)粉(fen)的(de)含(han)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)及(ji)顆粒(li)組(zu)成等(deng)各(ge)項指標(biao)。在(zai)試(shi)驗瀝青混(hun)合(he)料時，需要(yao)對原材(cai)料的(de)相對密(mi)度、含(han)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)、針入(ru)度及(ji)混(hun)合(he)料的(de)密(mi)度、瀝青含(han)量(liang)(liang)及(ji)飽和(he)度等(deng)指標(biao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)測試(shi)。

（4）公路(lu)工(gong)程(cheng)中的(de)路(lu)基和(he)路(lu)面的(de)試驗檢測。主要是對(dui)路(lu)基和(he)路(lu)面的(de)尺(chi)寸、厚度和(he)粗糙程(cheng)度等進行測定。

第二，公路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)中間產品需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)檢(jian)測(ce)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)收。原材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)檢(jian)測(ce)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)水泥、瀝青(qing)、鋼材(cai)(cai)(cai)、其(qi)(qi)他添加劑和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)一(yi)些(xie)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建筑過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水、土(tu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)砂石等(deng)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)檢(jian)測(ce)。這些(xie)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)測(ce)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為了保證它(ta)們能夠(gou)符合(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設計和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)技(ji)術要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，并以(yi)此(ci)為基(ji)礎來(lai)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采購。第一(yi)，公路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。公路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)涉及的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)有(you)(you)原材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、半(ban)成品和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)成品，這些(xie)都需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)按(an)照規(gui)范(fan)、技(ji)術進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)檢(jian)測(ce)。只(zhi)有(you)(you)合(he)(he)格后才可(ke)(ke)以(yi)使用。同時(shi)，特別要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)原材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，不僅(jin)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)它(ta)們進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)常(chang)規(gui)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)，還有(you)(you)一(yi)些(xie)特殊性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)也必(bi)不可(ke)(ke)少(shao)，只(zhi)有(you)(you)這樣才能夠(gou)確(que)定這些(xie)原材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，看其(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否能夠(gou)滿(man)足公路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需求(qiu)。在(zai)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)前，施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)向監理(li)提(ti)供相(xiang)(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)實驗(yan)(yan)(yan)報(bao)告和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)其(qi)(qi)他證明。如(ru)果采用新材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)技(ji)術，也要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)它(ta)們進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)相(xiang)(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)檢(jian)測(ce)，保證符合(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。對(dui)公路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)檢(jian)測(ce)時(shi)，做采取(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)書面、外觀(guan)(guan)、理(li)化(hua)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)無損檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)四種(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)中書面檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)過一(yi)些(xie)書面材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，例如(ru)報(bao)告、質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)證明材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)審核來(lai)確(que)認材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)；外觀(guan)(guan)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)過對(dui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外觀(guan)(guan)，例如(ru)品種(zhong)、尺寸(cun)等(deng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)觀(guan)(guan)察以(yi)了解其(qi)(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)；理(li)化(hua)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)通(tong)過一(yi)些(xie)設備和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)儀器對(dui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構(gou)成成分進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)科學、系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分析和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)；而無損檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)則是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)不對(dui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)造成損害的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)下(xia)利用高科技(ji)技(ji)術對(dui)其(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)檢(jian)測(ce)。     第二，公路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)參(can)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)確(que)定。所謂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)參(can)數(shu)(shu)，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指能夠(gou)對(dui)公路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)指導的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)。這些(xie)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準確(que)性與公路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)息息相(xiang)(xiang)關。所以(yi)，通(tong)過試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)等(deng)方(fang)法來(lai)確(que)定施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)參(can)數(shu)(shu)時(shi)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)謹慎仔細，按(an)照試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)以(yi)降低(di)參(can)數(shu)(shu)結果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)誤差，提(ti)高試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)結果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精確(que)度，通(tong)過保證參(can)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)靠性來(lai)為公路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)提(ti)供保障(zhang)。

第三(san)(san)，公(gong)路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)控制(zhi)。公(gong)路(lu)(lu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)控制(zhi)主要(yao)包括來自三(san)(san)方(fang)面的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)，即施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位、建立(li)和政(zheng)府監(jian)督(du)部門(men)。所以(yi)公(gong)路(lu)(lu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)也要(yao)從這三(san)(san)方(fang)面入(ru)手，其中，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位要(yao)對試(shi)驗檢(jian)(jian)驗制(zhi)度進行完(wan)善(shan)，同時(shi)加(jia)強試(shi)驗室的(de)設(she)備(bei)設(she)施(shi)，提高試(shi)驗人員的(de)專業素質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)理要(yao)在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中進行全(quan)程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)理，尤其是要(yao)做好事前(qian)預測(ce)(ce)，對于(yu)發(fa)現的(de)問題要(yao)及時(shi)解(jie)決。而(er)且試(shi)驗室中的(de)設(she)備(bei)也要(yao)被充分(fen)的(de)利用(yong)，將試(shi)驗檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)作為一種保證質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)有效方(fang)法，進而(er)對施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)進行有效控制(zhi)。而(er)政(zheng)府監(jian)督(du)部分(fen)則要(yao)充分(fen)發(fa)揮出(chu)監(jian)督(du)作用(yong)，對公(gong)路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進行實(shi)時(shi)性(xing)的(de)抽(chou)檢(jian)(jian)和質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)驗收。

第四，公路工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中各環節的(de)(de)質量控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)。在公路工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中，需要有中間交工(gong)(gong)驗收(shou)，這一環節能夠(gou)將(jiang)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中出現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)問題給以直觀表現(xian)(xian)。所以，除了對施工(gong)(gong)質量的(de)(de)整體控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)意(yi)外，對每部分的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)要進(jin)行及(ji)時(shi)的(de)(de)階(jie)段性驗收(shou)和(he)總結。如果項目(mu)部分驗收(shou)標準，要進(jin)行工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)返工(gong)(gong)。